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- <text id=90TT2991>
- <title>
- Nov. 12, 1990: America Abroad
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Nov. 12, 1990 Ready For War
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 48
- AMERICA ABROAD
- The Phony Windfall
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Strobe Talbott
- </p>
- <p> CARACAS
- </p>
- <p> If any country is in a position to profit from the
- misfortunes of the Middle East, it is Venezuela. As one of the
- largest exporters of petroleum outside the Persian Gulf, it
- stands to reap a windfall of $2 billion this year from the rise
- in oil prices since Iraq invaded Kuwait. Yet as seen from
- Miraflores Palace, the official residence of President Carlos
- Andres Perez, every silver lining has its cloud. "This is phony
- money that we're making from the crisis," said Perez last week.
- "Whatever it can buy today, it may bring us damage and danger
- tomorrow."
- </p>
- <p> Perez speaks from experience. During an earlier term as
- President he led his country on a giddy spending spree when oil
- revenues soared after the Yom Kippur War and the Arab embargo
- brought on the first oil shock in 1973. Venezuela squandered
- billions of petrodollars on luxury imports, high-visibility
- public works and a bloated state bureaucracy. When oil prices
- fell in the early 1980s, Venezuela retreated behind a wall of
- protectionism and a popular though inefficient system of price
- supports for local products.
- </p>
- <p> By then Perez was out of office, with plenty of time to
- ponder a lesson for the future. "A price spike is bad for
- everybody, producers and consumers alike," he says. "It is worst
- for developing countries that have oil, because they tend to go
- on a binge of happy-go-lucky indebtedness." Since returning to
- the presidency in early 1989, Perez has reined in government
- spending, reduced subsidies and tried to stimulate growth by
- easing restrictions on foreign trade and investment. He hopes
- that with infusions of capital from abroad, Venezuelan firms
- will be better able to sell their goods on international
- markets.
- </p>
- <p> But Venezuela's integration with the outside world makes it
- all the more vulnerable to what is happening there. Faced with
- staggering new energy costs, Third World and East European
- countries are asking for Venezuelan oil on credit or at a
- discount. The more poverty grows in Latin America and the
- Caribbean, the more Venezuela must worry about illegal
- immigration, cross-border crime and political instability in the
- region. Should high prices trigger a full-scale recession in the
- U.S., there will be fewer buyers for Venezuelan exports, higher
- interest on outstanding debt and less American capital to help
- underwrite expansion.
- </p>
- <p> Perez also fears that the spurt in oil prices could
- jeopardize his efforts to wean his country from the profligacy
- of the 1970s. "The psychological consequences of these extra
- revenues conspire against our people's willingness to accept an
- increase in the cost of living and other austerities that come
- with reform," he says. "With all these short-term profits, many
- will say, `Why worry any longer?'"
- </p>
- <p> Not that Perez plans to leave the Saddam bonus unspent. His
- government intends to build new wells, refineries and storage
- facilities. During a meeting in New York in October, Perez told
- George Bush that Venezuela plans to expand its production
- capacity. Great, said Bush; a former Texas oil speculator
- himself, he wasted no time in urging Perez to liberalize
- Venezuelan foreign-investment laws even further and let U.S.
- companies join in exploration and production. Perez's political
- opponents might make that difficult for him, since it was he who
- nationalized Venezuela's U.S.-dominated oil industry in 1974.
- But whether Yanquis are involved in the drilling and pumping or
- not, Perez said last week that his government is committed to
- expanding Venezuela's capacity over the next two or three years
- by about 50%, or 1 million barrels a day. The more oil that is
- available in the Western hemisphere, the less the industrialized
- world will have to rely on the ever tumultuous Middle East.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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